EDUCATION:
M.Sc. Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Poland. (1994)
Ph.D. Department of Radiation Chemistry and Technology, Institute of Nulear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland. (2001)

EMPLOYMENT
2002-.. Senior Researcher - Institute of Nuclear Chemistry & Technology, Warsaw, Poland (App. 1 see below to read more);
Research Associate, Chemist - Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA (App. 2);
1993/94 Research Associate, Chemist - Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Poland.

SPECIALIZATION: HPLC,TR-ESR, Linear accelerators, GC, UV/VIS Spectrometers...
1. Main fields: radiation chemistry, organic chemistry;
2. Other fields: pulse radiolysis, time resolved ESR, dosimetry, analytical methods, scientific information;
3. Current research interests: computer skills in chemistry, electron transfer reactions in organic and mixed organic-aqueous systems, charge transfer processes in organo-sulphur compounds, ionic liquids.

INTERESTS: Programming and computer systems, servers and data bases systems and managing, web design, DTP, fishing, skiing, projecting (making) jewelry, travelling, foreign cultures, art, projecting architecture, writing :), entomology - collecting insects (Member of Polish Academy of Sciences).

OTHER SKILLS:
Office tools: MS Excel - perfect, MS Word - perfect, MS Access - perfect;
OSes: Windows - perfect, UNIX (IRIX) - Silicon Graphics network administrator;
Programming tools: Visual Basic - v. good, Turbo Basic - v. good, Turbo Pascal - good, Visual C++ - good, Delphi - v. good;
Drawing tools: CorelDRAW! - perfect (with Photo PAINT!,...), Autocad - perfect, 3DStudio (MAX) - perfect, QuarkXpress - v. good, Adobe PhotoShop - perfect,... ;
Web Design: Macromedia - perfect, HTML - perfect, Java, Flash - good, CSS, PHP, MySQL, ... - perfect;

AWARDS and FELLOWSHIPS
2008 International Atomic Energy Agency Fellowship, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, ELYSE, UMR CNRS/UPS 8000, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France (App. 3)

2007 3rd Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology Director`s Award;
2005 1st Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology Director`s Award;
2002 1st Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology Director`s Award;

1999/2003 Member of Scientific Council in the INCT;

1999/2000 International Atomic Energy Agency Fellowship - Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA. (App. 4)

1. Senior Researcher (now), Department of Radiation Chemistry and Technology, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland. Area of interests focuses on radiation effects in aqueous media, with particular emphasis on the identities and molecular structure of short-lived transients and reaction mechanisms in sulfur-containing compounds. Topic involves application of radiation methods for the study of OH-induced oxidation of sulfur-containing alcohols, carboxylic acids, amino acids and their derivatives. It is concerned with the characterization and quantification of reactive intermediates, such as hydroxysulfuranyl radicals, radicals and radical cations with various 2-center/3-electron bonds, reaction kinetics and the measurement of absolute rate constants for elementary processes involving these reactive intermediates, such as intramolecular proton and electron transfer, beta-fragmentation, decarboxylation, and reaction with molecular oxygen. The sulfur intermediates can undergo a variety of subsequent reactions depending on conformational flexibility of molecules and functional neighboring groups present in molecules. Part of these studies is done in collaboration with Dr. G. L. Hug (Radiation Laboratory, USA) doing both the the laser flash photolysis and time resolved and steady-state ESR, and Prof. B. Marciniak (A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan) doing steady-state photolysis.

2. Research Associate, Chemist (2001), Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA; Subject: Wasting of nuclear tanks.
Supported by: Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (Document No. NDRL-4344 from the Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory). The oxidation of simple amino acids by the ^•OH radical has turned out to be quite complicated. This finding is of significance to questions of how aminopolycarboxylic acids degrade (organic aging) in nuclear waste storage tanks. The precise chemical mechanisms of amino acid oxidation are also of interest to understanding the fate of proteins under oxidative stress in biological systems. (see below to read more - add 4)

3. International Atomic Energy Agency Fellowship (2008 ), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, ELYSE, UMR CNRS/UPS 8000, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. ELYSE is a world-class picosecond pulse radiolysis research centre, the only one having this ultra-short time resolution in Europe. The facility comprises of a laser-triggered 4 –9 MeV electron accelerator delivering 5 ps pulses at low charge (< 2nC). The original conception of this accelerator is based on a high synchronization between femtosecond laser extracting the photoelectrons from a Cs₂Te semiconductor photocathode, and a hyperfrequence wave accelerating the electron bunches in two RF cavities to a final energy 9 MeV. The detection system consists of a 5 ps time-resolution multichannel streak-camera (emission and absorption, time range from 250 ps to 1 ms, 250 – 850 nm), 3 GHz Digital Oscilloscope and spectrographs.

Earlier, I had no experience at all in performing pulse radiolysis experiments in pico-second time resolution. The accelerator LAE 10 coupled with the pulse radiolysis set-up and operating in my maternal institution (INCT) is dedicated to pulse radiolysis experiments in nanosecond time-domain, i.e. 3 orders of magnitude longer, in comparison to the ELYSE facility. Thus, the ELYSE facility has enormous advantage over nanosecond facilities in observation of ultra fast processes, very often connected with primary steps of radiolysis (charge transfer reactions, solvation of electrons).
Therefore, the training, I have received in the ELYSE center, was very important as far as my experience in time-resolved technique is concerned. The knowledge that concerns a new research opportunities and frontiers offered by the ELYSE is the most important benefit of my short visit. On the top of that, I was directly involved in picosecond pulse radiolysis experiments in which re-evalutation of the initial yield of the hydrated electrons in picosecond time domain was attempted. Under guidance of two local experts dr. J.-L. Marignier and H. Monard I was introduced to the methodology of data processing. Application of computational methods in data processing was very rewarding for me since some of the procedures can be applied in the nanosecond pulse radiolysis setup in the INCT. During my visit I took the opportunity to visit other research groups and facilities in the Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, including Professor’s Ch. Houeé-Levin group.
I would like to express my special thanks to Director of the Laboratory prof. M. Mostafavi for permission and organization off my visit and to my two supervisors dr. J.-L. Marignier and H. Monard for their excellent and very sophisticated guidance during the whole period of my visit in France.

4. Research Scholar (1999-2000), (International Atomic Energy Agency Fellowship), Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA. This IAEA fellowship gave excellent advantage of ESR methodology in the period of the four months. The Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory`s unique equipment gives an opportunity to go more deeply into both time-resolved ESR and steady-state ESR theory and phenomena including mathematical approximation of radicals` kinetics and radicals` yields. A new program for Windows 95/98/NT (in cooperation with Dr. R.W. Fessenden and Dr. G. L. Hug) was written. This program includes some very significant procedures and can be used for time-resolved ESR and Pulse Radiolysis problems. Two of these (using a Gaussian weighting function to compensate for line inhomogeneity effects in kinetic traces and the simultaneous solution of the spin and chemical differential equations) are excellent examples of using computational methods in chemistry. The combination of time-resolved ESR and pulse radiolysis at Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory involves complications and opportunities not commonly encountered at other techniques because of using two very difficult methods in the same time.
Most of the scientific aspects were in the chemistry of free radicals formed in the radiolytic oxidation of simple amino acids, in particular glycine and its alkyl substituents. Glycine and multiple carboxylic acids are models for organic complexants found in nuclear waste tanks. The mechanism of the radiolytic oxidation of these complexants and their fragments are of concern in the nuclear clean-up effort. The chemistry of the carbon- and nitrogen-centered radicals formed in the radiolysis of glycine is distinct from the sulfur-centered radicals that it is main point of interest in maternal lab in Poland.
In the domain of pure chemistry, a new carbon-centered radical was observed. A little-used method of collecting data was used, and this allowed to observe the short-lived radical that had previously escaped the observation in steady-state radiolysis. Both new method for determining the yield of radicals and observation of the new radical will be published.
Special thanks dr. G. L. Hug for being excellent supervisor.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS more then 25

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
Pawel B. Wisniowski, Gordon L. Hug, Dariusz Pogocki, Krzysztof Bobrowski "Efficient a-(Alkylthio)alkyl-Type Radical Formation in •OH-Induced Oxidation of a-(Methylthio)acetamide" J. Phys. Chem. A (2010), 114, 105–116
Pawel Wisniowski, Krzysztof Bobrowski, Piotr Filipiak, Ian Carmichael, and Gordon L. Hug “Reactions of hydrogen atoms with a-(alkylthio) carbonyl compounds. Time-resolved ESR detection and DFT calculations”, Res. Chem. Intermed., (2005).
Pawel Wisniowski, Krzysztof Bobrowski, Ian Carmichael, and Gordon L. Hug. "Bimolecular homolytic substitution (S_H2) reaction with hydrogen atoms. Time-resolved ESR detection in the pulse radiolysis of a-(methylthio)acetamide", J.Am.Chem.Soc. (2004), 126, 14468-14474.
Pawel B. Wisniowski, Ian Carmichael, Richard W. Fessenden, and Gordon L. Hug "Evidence for b-Scission in the Oxidation of Amino Acids", J. Phys. Chem. A (2002), 106, 4573-4580.
N. Varmenot, S. Remita, Z. Abedinzadeh, P. Wiśniowski, G. Strzelczak, K. Bobrowski "Oxidation processes of N,S-diacetyl-L-cysteine ethylester: influence of S-acetylation" J. Phys. Chem. A. (2001), 105, 6867.
Christian Schöneich, D. Pogocki, P. Wisniowski, Gordon L. Hug and K. Bobrowski, "Intramolecular Sulfur-Oxygen Bond Formation in Radical Cations of N-acetylmethionine Amide", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, p.10224-10225 (2000).
K.Bobrowski, G.L.Hug, B.Marciniak, C.Schöneich, P.Wiśniowski "Intramolecular Hydrogen Transfer During Oxidation of b-Hydroxysulfides and a-(Methyl)thioacetamide. Pulse Radiolysis and Flash Photolysis Studies", Res. Chem. Intermed., vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 285-297 (1999).

SELECTED PROGRAMS
GC Collector 93 - gas chromatography with UV-VIS and radio detection, Warsaw University, Poland
(written in: Visual Basic)
GC Manager 96 - gas chromatography, A.M. University, Poznań; INCT, Warsaw, Poland
(written in: Borland Delphi)
ESR Collector 2001 - Van de Graaff accelerator with ESR detection, Notre Dame University, USA
(written in: Borland Delphi)
GC Manager 2002 - gas chromatography with UV-VIS, A.M. University, Poznań; INCT, Warsaw, Poland
(written in: Borland Delphi)
TRESR 2002 - time-resolved ESR simulation, Notre Dame University, USA
(written in: Borland C++ Builder)
DECOM 2004, 2010 - deconvolution of the spectra (3D), A.M. University, Poznań; INCT, Warsaw, Poland
(written in: Borland Delphi)